I'm not a microbiologist, but I am a chemist who has taken more than a few biology and biochemistry courses. I can try to shed some small light on your questions, maybe the size of a small LED flashlight. First off, amino acids are not sugars. As the name suggests they are acidic. In organic compounds an acidic functional group comes at the end of a carbon chain, and consists of an oxygen atom double-bonded to the terminal carbon and an hydroxyl group (OH) single bonded
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