Ah, I see. I've just renamed everything in my custom tech tree from generic to my new name and also created a new TechDefsText.xml where I replaced everything Terran/Generic to the new name and the game crashed. I'll try it out. Thanks!
So many tiny things to take care of... 
phew... okay, here is what I've got:
Tech-tree data file:
named: ShevaTechDefs.xml
begins with:
---------------------------------
<Tech>
<InternalName>ShevaTechTree</InternalName>
<GenericName>TechTree</GenericName>
<DisplayName>ShevaTechTree_Name</DisplayName>
<TechTree>Sheva_Tree</TechTree>
<ShortDescription>ShevaTechTree_ShortDec</ShortDescription>
<Description>ShevaTechTree_Dec</Description>
<ColorDef>TechBlue</ColorDef>
<Icon>GC3_Engineering_Tech_Icon.png</Icon>
<RootNode>true</RootNode>
<ResearchCost>0</ResearchCost>
<AICategoryWeight>
<Military>1</Military>
<Growth>1</Growth>
<Tech>1</Tech>
<Diplomacy>1</Diplomacy>
<Expansion>1</Expansion>
<Wealth>1</Wealth>
<Influence>1</Influence>
<Fortification>1</Fortification>
</AICategoryWeight>
</Tech>
<Tech>
<InternalName>ShevaColonizationTech</InternalName>
<GenericName>ColonizationTech</GenericName>
<DisplayName>GenericColonizationTech_Name</DisplayName>
<TechTree>Generic_Tree</TechTree>
<ShortDescription>GenericColonizationTech_ShortDec</ShortDescription>
<Description>GenericColonizationTech_Dec</Description>
<ColorDef>TechGreen</ColorDef>
<Icon>GC3_Colonization_Icon.png</Icon>
<Bink>GC3_Colonization_Temp.bk2</Bink>
<ResearchCost>0</ResearchCost>
<Tags>NonMilitary</Tags>
<AICategoryWeight>
<Military>12</Military>
<Growth>20</Growth>
<Tech>18</Tech>
<Diplomacy>6</Diplomacy>
<Expansion>16</Expansion>
<Wealth>8</Wealth>
<Influence>10</Influence>
<Fortification>14</Fortification>
</AICategoryWeight>
<Prerequ>
<Techs>
<Option>TechTree</Option>
</Techs>
</Prerequ>
</Tech>
---------------------------------
The text file under English --> Text
ShevaTechDefsText.xml
<Label>ShevaTechTree_Name</Label>
<String>Shevas Technologiebaum</String>
</StringTable>
<StringTable>
<Label>ShevaTechTree_ShortDec</Label>
<String>Schiffsbaumeister Technologiebaum.</String>
</StringTable>
<StringTable>
<Label>ShevaTechTree_Dec</Label>
<String>Schiffsbaumeister Technologiebaum.</String>
</StringTable>
<StringTable>
<Label>ShevaColonizationTech_Name</Label>
<String>Kolonisierung</String>
</StringTable>
--------------------------------
I GUESS, I also have to rename:
<DisplayName>GenericColonizationTech_Name</DisplayName>
<TechTree>Generic_Tree</TechTree>
<ShortDescription>GenericColonizationTech_ShortDec</ShortDescription>
<Description>GenericColonizationTech_Dec</Description>
... to from "Generic" to "Sheva", right?
Anything else?
(Up to now, the game crashes - something is still wrong... I also wonder, how the game knows about the correct buildings inside the tech - I guess its included in the specific tech trees of the other species, like the Thalan tech tree, so I guess I should stick with for example:
<Tech>
<InternalName>ShevaGravitonicSpecialization2</InternalName> <!-- START GRAVITON -->
<GenericName>GravitonicSpecialization2</GenericName>
<DisplayName>ThalanGravitonicSpecialization2_Name</DisplayName>
<TechTree>Thalan_Tree</TechTree>
<ShortDescription>ThalanGravitonicSpecialization2_ShortDec</ShortDescription>
<Description>ThalanGravitonicSpecialization2_Dec</Description>
<ResearchCost>60</ResearchCost>
<TechPoints>1</TechPoints>
<Specialization>ThalanGravitonicSpecialization</Specialization>
<AICategoryWeight>
<Military>18</Military>
<Growth>16</Growth>
<Tech>10</Tech>
<Diplomacy>8</Diplomacy>
<Expansion>20</Expansion>
<Wealth>8</Wealth>
<Influence>14</Influence>
<Fortification>12</Fortification>
</AICategoryWeight>
<Stats>
<EffectType>ShieldMass</EffectType>
<Scope>Global</Scope>
<Target>
<TargetType>Ship</TargetType>
</Target>
<BonusType>Multiplier</BonusType>
<Value>-0.05</Value>
</Stats>
<Stats>
<EffectType>PointMass</EffectType>
<Scope>Global</Scope>
<Target>
<TargetType>Ship</TargetType>
</Target>
<BonusType>Multiplier</BonusType>
<Value>-0.05</Value>
</Stats>
<Stats>
<EffectType>ArmorMass</EffectType>
<Scope>Global</Scope>
<Target>
<TargetType>Ship</TargetType>
</Target>
<BonusType>Multiplier</BonusType>
<Value>-0.05</Value>
</Stats>
<Prerequ>
<Techs>
<Option>GravitonicSpecialization1</Option>
</Techs>
<TechAge>
<Option>AgeOfExpansion</Option>
</TechAge>
</Prerequ>
</Tech>
<Tech>
<InternalName>ShevaGravitonicSpecialization3</InternalName>
<GenericName>GravitonicSpecialization3</GenericName>
<DisplayName>ThalanGravitonicSpecialization3_Name</DisplayName>
<TechTree>Thalan_Tree</TechTree>
<ShortDescription>ThalanGravitonicSpecialization3_ShortDec</ShortDescription>
<Description>ThalanGravitonicSpecialization3_Dec</Description>
<ResearchCost>60</ResearchCost>
<TechPoints>1</TechPoints>
<Specialization>ThalanGravitonicSpecialization</Specialization>
<AICategoryWeight>
<Military>18</Military>
<Growth>16</Growth>
<Tech>10</Tech>
<Diplomacy>8</Diplomacy>
<Expansion>20</Expansion>
<Wealth>8</Wealth>
<Influence>14</Influence>
<Fortification>12</Fortification>
</AICategoryWeight>
<Stats>
<EffectType>MovesCapMass</EffectType>
<Scope>Global</Scope>
<Target>
<TargetType>Ship</TargetType>
</Target>
<BonusType>Multiplier</BonusType>
<Value>-0.05</Value>
</Stats>
<Stats>
<EffectType>ShipRangeMass</EffectType>
<Scope>Global</Scope>
<Target>
<TargetType>Ship</TargetType>
</Target>
<BonusType>Multiplier</BonusType>
<Value>-0.05</Value>
</Stats>
<Stats>
<EffectType>SensorRangeMass</EffectType>
<Scope>Global</Scope>
<Target>
<TargetType>Ship</TargetType>
</Target>
<BonusType>Multiplier</BonusType>
<Value>-0.05</Value>
</Stats>
<Prerequ>
<Techs>
<Option>GravitonicSpecialization2</Option>
</Techs>
<TechAge>
<Option>AgeOfExpansion</Option>
</TechAge>
</Prerequ>
</Tech> <!-- END GRAVITON -->
Is that correct? *begins to have a sad panda face*