There is no information about how many colonists are on a colony ship, even in the ship details window.
I have not built a transport yet, but I have to wonder if there will be any information about how many troops one of them has.
Actually, that information is shown. Move your mouse-cursor over the colony ship. A tooltip will appear, with the stats of the ship. The population-count is at the very bottom of it. However, that is easy to miss. That information should be available in more places. Especially the details screen.
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