I know there's a list that shows you planets that you've discovered but not colonized (scroll down the list of planets you own and it's at the end of that) but I've never tried to click on an uncolonized planet to see what happens next.
I'd guess the game wouldn't do anymore than it already does (and in IMHO the game already gives you too much information on planets when A You don't own that planet and B You don't have a spy on that planet/on that planet's owners to know that information), otherwise that makes the FOW pointless and makes navigation too easy as you don't have to worry about ship range etc - ie clicking on Binary Toast IV and although you're on the other side of the galaxy from that planet your colony ship automatically goes there would dumb the game down for me and make a fair number of researchable/tradeable technologies irrelevant.
