Well, shields should only offer some protection against projectiles, not as effectively as armor. The problem with the rock, paper, scissors is, if you play against the ai, you might as well build only rock. Because even if you have some losses, eventually the ai's rockdefences are depleted and you can entirely ignore the paper and scissors defences. Now set rock as lasers, and throw a few ECM supports in there. The missiles won't hit anymore, the kinetics won't even get in range. Of course you could build instead a lot of shields a small amount of all defences on your ship, but since the ai builds only the rock, paper, scissors variants, your own defences will be depleted very quickly and your ships will be toasted.
This is how I build yes, and how I will build my AI's also so they have an advantage, though I'll probably pick 2 types.
Why? Because on higher difficulties the AI counters this, by building more defense of that type but by then you are at war, so you're already winning. On normal difficulties it doesn't, (or won't) apparently. If you just stick with 1 you are easily countered, 2 gives you a lot more freedom while still focusing firepower.
What does this mean in game terms. Well drop my dual weapon designed tech tree into a tri weapon designed tech tree game, in a game with let's say 20 races. Some of those races are at war, some allied, the usual. Statistically that dual weapon AI (still using all defenses), will be at a fairly big advantage in a long term game, in battles, until their opponent adapts. Even if they do adapt in a long war, they may have an ally in the war with them, or their enemy may be involved in more than one war, all these things are likely in a larger map size, and either would mean the tri weapon race couldn't just cater their ships to the dual designed race. The dual race, also have less techs to research, so they can focus on the ones they need only and go further in them.
This would make them weaker against a human player, but by then I hope they are already running an advantage. Stuff like this will be fun to experiment with.