I believe forming resolutions to purpose will be in galciv3. As for the randomness, I have reloaded saves multiple times and only a few possible resolutions come up, so yes and no. Hopefully appealing bills will be available, and the U.P can be available more than once a year.

DARCA

IIRC, during the GC2 Beta it was stated by the devs that it is randomly picked from a list of resolutions.

My idea for proposing resolutions to the Galactic council is the person with the most influence points submit the resolution, and then everyone votes on it. For the most part their is only one person with the most influence points. But their is a chance that their could be a tie in first place. The ideas that are for a tie are.

1. If this happens then the resolution is picked randomly.

2. The council could vote on who picks the resolution. This is not like to also be a tie, but if this happens then it could fall back to randomely.

3. Random options 1 & 2 would be random only with resolutions picked between the ones who tied.

Now what to do for the Ai there are some options.

1. If the Ai havef the  the most influence points then the resolutions are picked randome.

 2. If the Ai has the most influence points they could be picked from a list of resolutions based on what kind of civ it is.

3. Like two with additions based on relations with other civs. 

Actually, civ5 has an interesting take on this.  Each session has two proposals put up for vote.  Each civ has a number of votes based on (population?).    Votes may be split between the two proposals.  Votes cast may be yes, or no.  One may cast all votes for or against one proposal and ignore the other proposal.  Very clever.  Interesting choices.  Could not the Galactic council do something similar?

much like any other trade negotiation prior to the U.P. meeting you should be able to trade cash, ships, planets, technologies, or whatever else you can think of

the important distinction here is that your just asking them to support pushing the proposal forward (tabling?) and not actually forcing them to vote for your proposal.

In the World Congress (or in late game, the United Nations), there are 2 types of sessions: the host session and the resolution voting session. During the host session, every civilization votes for who they want the host to be. The number of delegates (votes) is, for the most part, determined by how many city-state allies you have (city states represent the smaller nations in the world, and are not controlled by players). The civilization with the most votes becomes the host, and the civilization with the second-most votes becomes co-host. Tiebreakers are done randomly (not too sure how this is accomplished).

Both the host and the co-host can propose a resolution from a given list of resolutions (it's a fairly long list, and some resolutions are locked until the respective tech is researched). Examples from the list include embargoes, army taxes, world games (The Olympics), nuclear non-proliferation, etc. These affect the game indefinitely. However, a civilization could propose to repeal a standing resolution.

During the resolution voting session, every civilization can utilize their delegates to vote "yea" or "nay" for the following two proposals. You don't need to use all your delegates - for example, you could choose to abstain on both proposals.