Its not a bug, if you trade for a specialization tech and have not already started or completed one in that group it will lock you out of researching any more, thats why they are specializations. They have stars next to thier names.

How do I upload a savegame?

I was playing the 3.03 beta, all DLCs, sandbox. I am using some mods (Planetary Diversity, Planet Traits, NewStarNames, Star Map No Nebula, and Enhanced Terraforming). I can try a game with no mods to see what happens.

They are specialization techs, but whatever.

    <InternalName>MasterColonizationFocus1</InternalName>
    <GenericName>ColonizationFocus1</GenericName>
    <DisplayName>MasterColonizationFocus1_Name</DisplayName>
    <TechTree>Master_Tree</TechTree>
    <ShortDescription>MasterColonizationFocus1_ShortDec</ShortDescription>
    <Description>MasterColonizationFocus1_Dec</Description>
    <FlavorName>ColonizationFocus1_FlavorText_DisplayName</FlavorName>
    <FlavorShortDescription>ColonizationFocus1_FlavorText_ShortDescription</FlavorShortDescription>
    <FlavorDescription>ColonizationFocus1_FlavorText_Description</FlavorDescription>
    <ResearchCost>185</ResearchCost>
    <TechPoints>1</TechPoints>
    <Specialization>MasterColonizationFocus</Specialization>

He is also using outdated mods, Planet Divercity and Planet traits im suprised even work.

Yes, I meant Extreme Colonization itself. With that I should be able to colonize any of the three: Aquatic, Frozen or Barren, correct? 

There's just a production penalty until I get the matching colonization focus tech, if I'm understanding it correctly.

I'm working on a game mod-free to see if the same thing happens. If it does I will upload that game to you. Thanks.

I am still having this problem. I decided to try using a cheat code to resolve it so I can continue my game. However, when I enter the colonize command it says "Failed: No planet selected." 

How do I "select" the planet? I have the colonies list up on the right and have it highlighted there, but I can't click on it because it's not colonized yet, so how do I select the planet for the colonize command?

I thought the solution would be as simple as clicking on the planet in the galaxy screen, but I soon found out that didn't work.  I tried a few things and got it to work by doing the following:

1.   Open the console, enter the god command, then close the console
2.   Click on the planet in the list on the right.
3.   Open the console and enter the colonize command.

You have to click on the planet after the god command is entered or it won't work.