It's looking very promising indeed thb.
Last night I ran a couple of proper playthroughs rather than soaks. In both, at least one AI managed to get much larger numbers of plents than me (Iridium in the first game had 3 times as many as me by turn 150, Krynn in the second had twice as many) while most other AI players were at about level pegging with me. Now, I wasn't playing all-out - no cheese tactics or super-min-maxing - but the difference in the AI's performance was pretty extreme. I had genuine military threats to worry about early (aggressive races start military build-ups by around turn 30, and by turn 90 are pretty heavily armed); I had enemy empires with bigger economies than me (greedy empires make pots of cash); I had enemy empires which were much larger than I was (expansionists go wide very, very fast); and I had enemies competing with me on tech (scientist and peaceful empires). And all this, again, on Normal difficulty.
It's worth noting that the AI was fleeting its ships. The big empires will tend to churn out 100+ ships in a very short space of time and then amass them; the improved performance of their economies has resulted in a much better military performance in terms of numbers - though not in terms of tactics. In the first game, the Iridium DoW'd me when they had no warships near me, and I was able to quickly overrun half a dozen of their worlds.
Maintenance is presently working, but may be a little low. I set it down to 0.1 stacking on top of the base 3, in order to make sure that expansionist AIs didn't kill themselves; I don't know if that's still needed since I slightly buffed production (it's at 0.5 per pop; in vanilla this is 1 but I'm letting populations grow to 100 rather than 30 so this means an effective 66% increase...eventually).
Rescaling farming, incidentally, works wonders. It allows you to leave growth very low and then put the real bonuses on the growth building line, so that mindless colony spam is no longer the best way to grow your pop. Since farms are giving 10 food, and approval 10 morale, it's now very important to get a colonial hospital down ASAP - which the AI does. It's all looking very promising.
Tonight, I'm going to go through some of the techs and traits which I've made obsolete with changes; once that's done, I'll be ready to upload for some wider testing.