Your original points 1 & 2 need attention although I believe spelling mistakes are a low priority.

Regarding your edit point 2, in my experience it seems that the colonists originate from the first Sponsoring Planet; I would like to see this altered so that we could choose from which sponsoring planet(s) the colonists come from, ideally with the ability to select a proportion or amount from each planet or even an auto-choice for selection from the planet with the largest sponsoring population.  Because we could choose the number of colonists and had to confirm colonizer launch in GC2, I'm presuming for the time being that this will be something that will be worked upon [for Beta2 ?].

I am unsure exactly what you mean by your Edit point 1; however I venture to suggest that you're talking about planetary Improvements, and that, when you have researched the appropriate tech, they show a vertically pointing arrow and double-clicking on them puts them in the build queue to be upgraded and the tile graphic changes to reveal what the improvement will be when completed.  Single clicking on a tile highlights that tile and displays the production level of that tile and the adjacent tiles to which it gives bonuses.  Otherwise I don't have a clue what "4-way-thingy" you're referring to.

I didn't get this until I watched the Let's Play game that Paul did. You are exactly right. The top bonus is for the tile and the bottom is for all adjacent tiles (and not the tile itself). 

Currently all colonists/soldiers come from the primary sponsor. They have said that they are changing this so that when you build a colony ship or transport you will get a pop-up that shows all your sponsors. You will be able to choose how many people to load and which sponsors you want to draw from, and it will take from all selected sponsors evenly. They haven't said, but I'm guessing this will come with beta 2.

Planetary invasion is too easy, but because the whole system will be revamped for beta 3 I don't think we'll see changes before then.