While not an article, this thread may help with some of your questions.
I don't know the last time this was updated, but this guide should also help in general (though the realitve usefulness of many of the ships have changed in each patch).
A must read for multiplayer, but might be useful for single player to some degree.
I'll add more if I think of them. Otherwise just feel free to ask any specific questions that almost everyone has at some point or another.
