co2 is a minor climate gass, about 4% atm. over half of the climate effect comes from condensed water. Condensed water rises at the tempature rises.
Climate gasses in the atmosphere disperses heat(light) in all directions. So the heat increase comes from that light is longer in circulation on earth with that with a higher density of climate gasses . This also means that the north and south pole will have the greatest heat increases, while the equator will only have very minor increases in tempature.
Rain and wind will rise under such conditions, but for human mankinds survival chances a little bit of global warming is needed. The pacific islands that are lost is simply no match for the increased food supply from the close to artic lands.
The sun is the most important heatsource. But do not forget that rapid use of fossil fuels/atomic power can increase the heat of the planet. The only thing that matters is how fast you burn it. If you burn it too fast then you better counter that increased heat generation with some dust in the atmosphere.
The only way human mankind is going to survive, is if they do massive research in natural research. I mean mankind needs to learn how to alter a planet so it becomes hapitable, or change a humans genome so we can travel longer, or create a new race that can spread itself. The earth will not last forever.
Remember that technically humans are little more then animals, we cannot disobey the laws of nature. In a sence we live in perfekt harmony with nature, because nature controlls us all. Nature cannot be destroyed it will only change.
The increased food supply? Are you kidding me?
Crop A can be grown in the regions between 10 and 40 degrees (+ or -) from the equator of a sphere. Now, say the region in which this crop can be grown shifts northward by 10 degrees due to global warming. This leaves the crop able to be grown between 20 and 50 degrees from the equator. The size of the area in which the crop is able to grown decreases. To demonstrate this, I will use a circle (since spherical math is a bit more complex than I feel like doing in the morning).
First, we need to know the radius of the circle. Lets say radius = r.
Now we need to find the area between the chords which are at said degrees.
10 degrees: 180-10(2)=160
sin(10)=h/r=.173648 h=.173648r
sin(160/2)=b/r=.9848 b=.9848r
1/2*b*h*2=.171*r^2
160/360*pi*r^2-.171*r^2=1.225*r^2=area above 10 degrees on circle
20 degrees: 180-20(2)=140
sin(20)=h/r=.34202 h=.34202r
sin(140/2)=b/r=.9396 b=.9396r
1/2*b*h*2=.3214*r^2
140/360*pi*r^2-.171*r^2=.9003*r^2=area above 20 degrees on circle
40 degrees: 180-40(2)=100
sin(40)=h/r=.6428 h=.6428r
sin(100/2)=b/r=.766 b=.766r
1/2*b*h*2=.492*r^2
100/360*pi*r^2-.171*r^2=.3806*r^2=area above 40 degrees on circle
50 degrees: 180-50(2)=80
sin(50)=h/r=.766 h=.766r
sin(80/2)=b/r=.6428 b=.6428r
1/2*b*h*2=.492*r^2
80/360*pi*r^2-.171*r^2=.2061*r^2=area above 50 degrees on circle
Now that we have these areas, we can find the area between the two chords like so:
10 and 40:
(1.225-.3806)r^2=.844*r^2
20 and 50:
(.9003-.2061)r^2=.6942*r^2
Now we have the difference in the two areas.
.6942/.844=82.25%
Meaning, on a 2 dimensional figure 17.75% of the area was lost from a 10 degree shift. On a three dimensional figure, the area lost percentage will be even higher. I would estimate the area lost on a sphere to be close to 25% (1-.8225^(3/2)) loss in area.
Now that I have refuted your claim with mathematics, I shall refute it will logic. First of all, if plants are growing farther north, it means they will have less sunlight, due to the lower angle at which the sun will be. Global warming cannot affect the angle of the sun, and thus even if an area is warm enough for a certain plant, it may not have the required sunlight and growing season requirements. Next, areas near the equator are likely to be lost permanently or nearly permanently due to desertification, not only rendering the area un-farmable, but also displacing the people who live there. Such is the case in many of Africa's worst countries. Darfur for example. The crisis there has been brought about by desertification, overpopulation (unsustainable population in a now un-farmable region).
The argument that it helps humanity somehow is completely false as I have just shown.
Particulate matter actually can help prevent global warming. However, for the past few decades (since the 50s) many acts have been passed to lower particulates in the air, since particulates in the air is another term for air pollution. Smoke, smog, and the like are generally seen as nasty to live in.