That's not enough though. Not even close.
Because someone takes a risk to start up a business and fails, they're screwed. That's just life.
But if they succeed, then they can look forward to the government taking half of it. At some point, which differs from person to person, the tipping point occurs and people decide not to take that risk because the risk/reward ratio is no longer favorable to them
Why wouldn't it be enough though?
To give a (hypothetical) example, if you have an investment that costs $10k, and has a 50% chance of yielding $25k (inflation or 'risk-adjusted rate of return' adjusted figure depending on your preference), and a 50% chance of losing all that money, if taxes provide loss relief as well, will they really affect the decision? That is, if you taxed at 0%, you would be looking at an expected gain of $2.5k, which is more than 0 so you'd want to do it (ignoring time(/cash flow) issues, risk aversion, and a few other wrinkles for now). If you impose a 50% tax on any gain with no loss relief, you're now looking at an expected gain of -$1.25k. If however you impose a 50% tax on any gain, and a 50% rebate on any loss, you're back to looking at an expected gain of $1.25k (i.e. >0 so you'd still do it). Loss relief that allows you to carry forward a loss helps address this to some extent with an ongoing business, but doesn't typically with a new business which would likely fail, and then be unable to use those losses fully. Meanwhile by carrying forward the loss, due to the aforementioned inflation/rate of return issues, it's value would decrease over time, hence further decreasing it's mitigating effect. However an upfront rebate would deal with both of these problems.
Now to the other issues - firstly cash flow problems - that could be solved by taking out a loan to finance the investment. Obviously you'd pay interest on that loan, but the costs of such finance are typically tax deductable (I haven't looked into all the specifics of the US taxation system, but I'd be surprised if they weren't an allowable expense for any businesses, although there might be a difference between companies and indivs). That would mean your ultimate decision would then be based around whether the investment is a good one, which the tax shouldn't affect (unless I've overlooked something obvious, I'm pretty tired atm so can't be bothered to give the example+issue a more thorough look
). As for risk aversion for an individual, if that individual wouldn't be prepared to undertake the investment because they were very risk averse, a company could always come along and hire that person on a fixed amount in order to undertake the investment/work (if only that person could), or could just do the investment itself, since you would expect the company to be less risk averse and care more about if they were getting an appropriate return for the level of risk.
[edit] Knew I shouldn't have done that when I was feeling tired, forgot that taxes wouldn't factor in things like inflation and/or risk-adjusted rates of return (+hence should have incorporated those into it instead of just assuming the figures were already net of such rates). So yes the tax increase would have an affect on this, but the decrease in incentives overall would be greatly reduced since you would have removed the loss issue (i.e. only 50% of gain, 100% of loss) [/edit]
To go back to the premise though, if the tax rebate is immediate, it wouldn't mean you'd be screwed by taking the risk and failing, it'd mean you'd be partially screwed. Just as if you're successful, instead of being fully successful, you're partially successful, and hence it should balance out (unless you're arguing that if the business fails you'd declare bankruptcy in either event due to the scale of the losses/lack of other assets, but I'd have thought that would only be the situation for a minority of cases). Since you would expect money to be generated overall in the economy and not lost (ignoring the recent events, of course
), you could then rely on the system to generate tax revenues, and you could also impose higher taxes on higher incomes without such a severe impact on the incentive to make profits.
Please do tell how you believe you have the experience to advise Brad or even argue against his comments
You shouldn't need to do something in order to be able to talk about it. For example take a politics forum where many people bemoan decisions that a politician has made. Are any of them politicians? No! Then how do they believe they have the experience to argue against what that politician has done?
Experience can be used to back up a persons credentials, and make what they say carry more weight, but if there's no argument there in the first place, it alone is not sufficient justification, just as if someone without that experience can make a strong argument, their lack of experience shouldn't be enough on it's own to nullify the argument raised.
"It can be argued, and strongly, that Wal-Mart has done more to raise the standard of living for lower income citizens than any other company in history, and certainly more than government."
How?
Ok, here are a few quick ones: Cheap food (benefits the poor most, since they spend a higher proportion of their income on food (and other low cost items at Wal-Mart)
Employment - they provide jobs, and presumably at the market rate since otherwise they wouldn't be able to get enough workers. Many of these jobs will go to people on low incomes, since by nature they will likely be less skilled and therefore less capable of obtaining alternative, higher paying, jobs, and hence be more likely to apply for a Wal-Mart job.
Improved efficiency - often people complain about big supermarkets moving into a town, and causing all those local shops to shut down. Well assuming you have robust enough anti-competition rules (to prevent predatory pricing where the company lowers prices temporarily until all those businesses have gone and then increases them again), chances are this is because those businesses aren't able to compete with the supermarket on price (or more specifically price relative to other needs such as quality etc.). As such the firm that is able to serve the needs of customers best survives, while those that can't fail. If everyone wants local shops they can go to and get a personal service, then they wouldn't go out of business - people vote with their wallets, and if they all flock to Wal-Mart and away from their local businesses, it's because they choose to. It's the nature of capitalism - the strong survive, the weak either adapt or perish, and if you try and force protection of the weak (in this case a failing business), you end up with a less efficient economy. This also ties in the issue of imports, and suppliers going out of business - if a company imports its goods and 'costs good American jobs' (or whatever the more overdramtic way of putting it is in politics atm), that's good long term, not bad, since it's basically the same situation on a more global scale; those suppliers weren't able to produce the relevant goods as efficiently as the chinese ones, and you can enhance both countries economy if the one that's best (relatively) at producing X goods focuses on them, while the one that's best at producing Y goods produces them. I say relative in the sense of a comparative advantage - one of the two countries might be more efficient at both methods in absolute terms, but you would maximise the combined value of goods by both countries with specialisation+trade. This is more of a long-term effect of course, since in the short term you will suffer job losses as those suppliers attempt to aquire new skills/change business.