You can not dodge a laser because you can only detect something being shot at you at the speed of light.. So you can SEE that a canon fires before the shell hits, but "seeing" the laser fire occurs at the same time it hits, since it is focused light.
You can however theoretically dodge RANDOMLY causing the lasers to miss... If only you could accelerate at over a million G. (G = acceleration of gravity of earth). I have included the math in an earlier post...
A tiny frigate could dodge a gauss weapon IF the gauss weapons are very slow moving gauss weapons... IF it can pull 150g... the problem with that is that all personnel on board will DIE at much much less then that.
You can't detect something moving at the speed of light with realistic technology before it hits you, no. But SoaSE (and most other space-combat oriented games/media) incorporates FTL technology, in this case by using phase space technology, which the game explains to be exponentially faster than the speed of light. The Vasari have FTL transmissions, ships can move at FTL speeds, and with the right research you can detect incoming ships traveling at FTL speeds. Following the logic of that, in the SoaSE universe, you should be able to detect a laser firing at you before that laser reaches you.
Also, a ship going from a standstill to FTL speed for a phase jump should make it feasible in the SoaSE universe for a ship and its crew to withstand 100 G's of force during a simple evasive maneuver.
Isn't it a given that none of this works in a gravity well?
Also the crew doesn't withstand hundreds of g (and I was talking millions not hundreds...) phasing moves the whole ship and its contents at once. Otherwise it would have torn it to shreds. (the crew AND the ship itself... metal doesn't withstand those kind of g force either)
Engines provide a thrust that is mechanically transmitted through the ship...
Phasing also is not physically accelerating to trans light speed. its more esotaric then that...
However you COULD theoretically have phase dodging... with the right FTL detection mechanism to detect the enemy shots, and timing them with micro phase jumps to dodge...
Except, phasing is a thing done from gravity well to gravity well... so its useless for combat within a gravity well... so the whole thing falls apart (they somehow have phasing missiles, but those are SMALL and only for the vasari, masters of phasing).
Anyways what all this means is that if they could dodge, they would do so by phasing, and that means no "moving ships".. it means stationary ships that will randomly phase around inside the gravity well to dodge lasers. phase, shoot at last known location of enemy, phase, shoot at last location, rinse and repeat.
So there is still absolutely no reason for ships to FLY around in sub light speeds... It only hurts them.